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Water Balance
Improperly balanced water can be both a health risk and damaging to pool surfaces, equipment, or the structure itself.
The Langlier Saturation Index is what we use to determine whether water is in balance or not. It uses the pH, Total Alkalinity and Calcium Hardness levels at a temperature to determine if the water is corrosive or scale forming. The pool industry uses the Langlier index, combined with suitability for human contact and Pool surface materials to provide a general range for the three parameters, pH, Total Alkalinity and Calcium Hardness.
pH
pH is measured on a scale from 0 to 14 with 7.0 being neutral. Values below 7.0 are acidic and values above 7.0 are alkaline.
A high pH will reduce the effectiveness of chlorine, potentially cause scale on both the pool and the equipment and irritate bathers.
A low pH may cause the water to become corrosive, damaging the pool interior finish, equipment and irritate bathers.
Each pool interior type has a specific range in which the pH should be maintained.
Australian Standard AS3633 defines the operating range of 7.2 to 7.6 to be ideal.
The Swimming Pool and Spa association recommends 7.0 to 7.2 for fibreglass pools.
Hydrochloric Acid or Sodium Bisulfate are commonly used to lower the pH in pool water.
Soda ash – Sodium Carbonate increases the pH level
Total Alkalinity
Total Alkalinity is a measure of bi-carbonates, carbonates and hydroxides in your water. When adjusted within the accepted levels, T.A. acts as a pH buffer, resisting change to the pH.
A low T.A. may lead to corrosive water and erosion to the pool interior.
Australian Standard AS3633 recommends a T.A. range of 60ppm to 200ppm.
Seek advise from your pool professional for the specific recommendation for your pool type.
Total Alkalinity is raised by adding Sodium Bicarbonate and lowered by adding acid to the pool water.
Calcium Hardness
The hardness level of your water is a measure of the dissolved calcium.
A low Calcium Hardness level may cause pool water to be corrosive even if the pH and T.A. are within there recommended ranges. A high Calcium Hardness level may cause the pool water to deposit scale, again, even if the pH and T.A. are within there correct ranges.
Australian Standard AS3633 recommends a Calcium Hardness range of 80ppm to 500ppm.
In some areas, Calcium Hardness levels are naturally higher in the water supply.
It may be necessary to use the Langlier Index to re-adjust the pH and or T.A. to ensure the water is in balance in cases where it is difficult to lower the Calcium Hardness level.